Bureaucratic structure and leadership Research Paper

Bureaucratic structure and administration - Research Paper Example Fire Administration, 2013). This is a sort of suitable administration procedure where there is an association of genuine dangers, (for example, working with fire, hardware, hazardous statures and poisonous substances (NFPA International, 2002). With these contemplations, the paper points grasp the various criticisms gave by the staff in a local group of fire-fighters in a main southeastern city. Bureaucratic/Organizational Structure Issues Impacting the Fire Department’s Effectiveness Bureaucratic initiative style is a system which is grounded upon certain fixed standards and guidelines. This administration style is especially seen to be valuable if there should arise an occurrence of performing routine exercises which is commonly the work structure of local groups of fire-fighters. Regarding the criticism gave by staff of local group of fire-fighters in a first southeastern city, it tends to be resolved that local group of fire-fighters follows bureaucratic style which is a f ixed structure however at work on occasion the firemen require to take a great deal of adaptable choices which probably won't be conceivable inside such an unbending system. In this manner, an inquiry emerges whether the bureaucratic administration style is adequate in this association or not. ... Individuals don't have a particular thought with respect to what their occupations really are. Open really see them as dead weight since they really are not noticeable as the branch of police. There have been different issues with respect to the authoritative structure of the local group of fire-fighters (Cochran, n.d.). Despite the fact that media has been one of the most connective partners of the fireman offices, there is an absence of mindfulness and training about what the warrior does. In this manner, there ought to be legitimate introduction of the local group of fire-fighters to the general population, as far as building up more noteworthy social connections. Thirdly, the firemen for the most part follow the normalized rating of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is seen from the criticisms that the authoritative structure or practices in the office present more prominent accentuation on the evaluations of the ISO and less worry towards the necessiti es of the networks. Fourthly, because of globalization new mechanical structures are setting up which is causing an expansion in activities for the firemen. The fire administrations and gear are getting progressively costly which may bring inquiries up in the psyches of the general population with respect to the nature of the administration they are acquiring. In addition, snappy reactions by the firemen may not be conceivable as a portion of the inclusion zones are a long way from the stations. Preparing plan should be organized appropriately so various units of fire are really not unavailable at onetime leaving huge territories of the city without insurance. Broadly, there is a drop in the level of the quantity of firemen by about 10 percent from 880000 of every 1984 to 790000 in the year 2001. This demonstrates the

Apple Inc Market Analysis

Apple Inc Market Analysis As per Kotler Marketing isn't care for Euclidean geometry, a fixed arrangement of ideas and sayings. Or maybe, showcasing is one of the most unique fields inside the administration field. The commercial center consistently tosses out new difficulties, and organizations must react. In this way, it isn't astounding that new promoting thoughts continue surfacing to address the new commercial center difficulties. (Varadarajan, 2009) Item, value, advancement and spot are factors that, inside cutoff points, are equipped for being impacted or controlled. Showcasing system can be seen as mirroring a promoting blend of these four components. (OShaughnessey, 1984). Market arranging includes the coherent arrangement and a progression of exercises prompting the setting of showcasing targets and the detailing of plans for accomplishing them. Advertising instruments are utilized in the acknowledgment of market plans. This paper expects to basically assess how Apple Inc could utilize a portion of the fundamental vital promoting devices (Product Life Cycle, Ansoff Matrix, Boston Matrix and so on) to create and deal with its items and item portfolios. A portion of the points of interest and restrictions watched will likewise be examined. 1.1: BACKGROUND OF APPLE INC Mac was established in 1976 by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with the point of giving easy to understand PCs to a lot of PC specialists (David, 2007; pg 2-3). The primary PC they made had no console or force flexibly and they had the option to sell around 200 of such PCs which they called Apple 1 (International catalog of organization history, 2001). Soon thereafter, they started chipping away at Apple II with the goal of arriving at a more noteworthy market fragment. Apple II was a triumph and made more than $1 million in yearly deals. Apple II put away data on tape tapes and that made them moderate. Apple enhanced this memory issue in 1979 with Apple II+ and made 400% a greater number of deals than that of the earlier year. (Worldwide catalog of organization history, 2001) Apple III was propelled in 1980 to break into the workplace showcase commanded by IBM. Be that as it may, the PC was discharged without sufficient testing and a large number of its unit were imperfect. Creation was halted and the issue was fixed yet Apple III was not as fruitful as Apple II in the market and it was ceased in 1984. (Worldwide registry of organization history, 2001) The organization moved forward notwithstanding the disappointment of Apple III and discharged in excess of 40 programming programs. It turned into the principal PC to reach $1 billion in yearly deals in 1982. (Universal index of organization history, 2001) Steve Wozniak left Apple in 1983 and John Sculley was employed to be the Company president. Steve Jobs was in the end constrained out of the organization as well. Apple turned down Microsofts bid for the permit of their Macintosh working framework. Microsoft proceeded to create DOS working framework which before long turned into the global working standard for over 90% of every single PC on the planet. (David, 2007; pg 2-3) Apple encountered a great deal of issues with poor administration and bombed items throughout the following couple of years and its money related misfortunes arrived at a faltering $1 billion of every 1997. Its offer value tumbled from $70 in 1991 to $14 and its lost lion's share of its piece of the pie. (Worldwide registry of organization history, 2001) Steve Jobs returned as the CEO of Apple in 1998 and started putting forth attempts to right all the wrongs that had been made throughout the years. He immediately fashioned a relationship with Microsoft which incorporated the arrival of Macintoshs adaptation of Microsofts mainstream office programming (David, 2007; pg 2-3). He proceeded to wipe out 15 of the companys 19 items (International index of organization history, 2001) as they were not making benefits. He presented the iMac, a smooth and vivid PC in 1998 (David, 2007; pg 2-3). The iMac was an extraordinary achievement and Apples yearly deal for that year was $5.9 billion. They encountered persistent development and their stock made a 140% expansion to $99 before the finish of 1999 (International index of organization history, 2001). The iPod was presented in 2001 and over 100million units has been sold. The iTunes online store was propelled in 2003. It is where individuals can download music and pay for it and it has proceeded to turn into the greatest online music store recording in excess of 4 billion downloads. In January 2006, the Mac book Pro was propelled (Anonymous, 2008). In January, 2007, the iPhone and Apple TV were propelled and Apple Computer Inc became Apple Inc to suit its wide scope of items (Anonymous, 2008). 1.2: THE MARKETING MIX As indicated by Professor Peter Doyle, the determination of the objective market and plan of the showcasing blend are the two key choices that decide the accomplishment of a firm in another market (Baker, 2007). Advertising includes various components and the relationship/interdependencies between these components is alluded to as the promoting blend (Cartwright, 2002). The advertising blend is comprised of four fundamental parts that can be consolidated in various manners to accomplish diverse final products (Baker, 2007) and these are Product, Place, People and Promotion. Just the item will be talked about in subtleties with the end goal of this paper. 1.2.1: PRODUCT An item has been characterized as substantial before however we are at the age where that definition is not, at this point sufficient as it doesn't totally catch the entire pith of an item. An item is characterized as a mix of both substantial and elusive properties for the sole reason for consumer loyalty (Baker, Marketing Strategy and Management, 2007). An item is something beyond the food a client eats at an eatery; it incorporates all the administrations rendered, for example, comfort, speed, versatility and so forth (Cheverton, 2004). 1.3: THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE A run of the mill item experiences various stages throughout its life time and this is alluded to as the item life cycle. This is represented with the chart underneath: Presentation: The early on stage is urgent to the life of an item. It is prudent for organizations to put a ton of cash into notice at this phase to guarantee they can have adequate effect upon passage into the market (Cartwright, 2002). The pace of development and speculation at this stage is contrarily corresponding (Cheverton, 2004). Development: There is an adjustment in promoting procedure at this stage and the expense on publicizing diminishes as the clients know about the brand (Assael, 1985; Pg 308) bringing about a ton of market development. A great deal of deals are generally created at this phase because of client mindfulness. It is generally excellent to be the principal organization to go through fruitful unchartered water. Be that as it may, as soon the achievement become self-evident, different organizations will wish to enter the market (Cartwright, 2002). Development: This is the most productive stage. Be that as it may, the item is able to do next to zero further turns of events. A viable showcasing blend is fundamental for endurance at this phase as rivalry turns out to be firm and contenders will successfully make due in the market (Baker Hart, Product Strategy and Management, 1999; Pg 97 100). There are such a large number of players in the market at this stage and it is basic for associations to concoct new items or enhancement for existing items (Cartwright, 2002). Decrease: With decrease in deals, looming passing is inescapable and the organization can either re-plan the item or thoroughly pull back it (Assael, 1985; Pg 308). 1.3.1: ANALYSIS OF THE IPHONE FAMILY USING THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE From time to time a progressive item goes along that makes a huge difference these were the expressions of Steve Jobs at the dispatch of the iPhone in January, 2007. Employments had seen an open door in the portable handset showcase two years earlier and set Apples Engineers moving to build up the iPhone (Grossman, 2007) which was to spare individuals the pressure of conveying both a MP3 player and a telephone and the expense of buying the two things. The iPhone stamped Apples entrance into the versatile handset showcase. It joins the highlights of the iPod, advanced cells and portable registering into one gadget. The UI is worked around another info innovation called multi contact and the main physical catch on the iPhone is the home key; each other element is virtual (Honan, 2007). Presentation: The development to the presentation of the iPhone was top notch. It produced more than 69 million hits on Google preceding its dispatch (Koeppel, 2007). The ubiquity meant enormous deals and Apple revealed selling more than one million iPhones inside the primary quarter (Financial Statements, 2007). There were a few slip-ups with the advertising technique for the iPhone and the undeniable one was in the value cut only three months after its presentation (Vertygo Team, 2008). The early adopters were shocked however Steve Jobs put forth attempts to assuage them by offering $100 store credit that clients could use in buying at retail Apple stores or on the web (Mickalowski, Mickelson, Keltgen, 2008). Development: Apple Inc presented iPhone3G barely a year after the first iPhone was propelled. The iPhone 3G was perfect with 3G systems which converted into higher association speed at a large portion of the cost of the first iPhone, it guaranteed better battery life and furthermore incorporated an inherent GPS (MacWorld, 2008). Iphone 3G was profoundly fruitful and Apple sold more than 11.6 million units of the handset (UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 2008). The offer of the Iphone extended past the US and the organization had an objective of arriving at 70 nations before the finish of 2008. Be that as it may, the agreement with ATT expanded by over 10% from the month to month charge of the past model in this way, despite the fact that the iPhone3G was less expensive, clients will wind up spending increasingly over the two-year contract with ATT (MacWorld, 2008). June, 2009 denoted the dispatch of one more iPhone this time the iPhone3Gs. The highlights include: Hands free control,

Effectiveness of Different Coaching Styles in Sport

Viability of Different Coaching Styles in Sport Sports Coaching Substance (JUMP TO) Standards and best practice in training The viability of various styles of training in various settings How models of instructing can support experts References Standards and best practice in instructing The perfect of game has changed extraordinarily in the previous fifteen to twenty years (Polley, 1998)[1]. What was once observed as relaxation and additionally a recreational movement is presently seen fundamentally as a vehicle through which one can prompt profound situated social and cultural change. This is particularly obvious in the UK which has an especially flat association with sport with an assortment of games thought about endemic in British society; for sure, a considerable lot of the most well known games on the planet were played first in Britain and their overseeing bodies despite everything live inside British state outskirts. Thus, as Dawn Penney (2000:59) announces, game, society and value are interlinked to a degree that has without a doubt, as of late been recognized by scholastic, explicitly sociological, study. â€Å"Physical instruction and game are a piece of our social and social universes. The relationship is dynamic, with the arrangements and practices of physical instruction reflecting, yet in addition unmistakably molding (replicating and additionally testing), the qualities and interests of more extensive society.†[2] It is thus that the idea of ‘best practice’ has achieved another degree of hugeness as of late relating explicitly to the reception of the best conceivable scholastic, mental and moral systems particularly with respect to youngsters and youngsters in order to set them up intellectually and truly for the different requests of grown-up life whether this be in a donning or nonâ€'sporting setting. ‘Best practice’ uses look into led principally between the years 1950 to 1980 with the execution of these methodologies occurring in the course of recent years. It is a completely ongoing wonder and, accordingly, is inadequate in certain regions of research contrasted with different fields of sociological investigation. Be that as it may, in the twenty first century the measure of consideration dedicated to the subject is probably going to increment with the double phantom of globalization and commercialisation making sports a profoundly worthwhile center point of a ction. The standards overseeing the idea of ‘best practice’ are focused upon the twin points of producing a presence of mind of solidarity and collaboration inside a gathering of players and simultaneously to sustain singular ability and style on a coordinated premise so the more talented players’ aptitudes are sharpened without disregarding the supremacy of the group as the superseding ethos of ‘best practice’. This fundamental dualism which lives at the focal point of ‘best practice’ training ideas is innately influenced by the development of sports players as they grow up. For example, youthful players (matured six to ten years of age) are significantly more slanted to float towards the individual component of sports and rivalry with the gathering dynamic coming at a later age (growing basically between the ages of twelve and sixteen). Therefore, there is no ‘best way’ to ‘best practice’; no set in stone. Or maybe, t here is an extraordinary trade of ease between ideas, standards and practices that ought to be executed on an individual premise. This is as valid for training grown-ups (customers) for what it's worth of instructing adolescents where Jennifer Rogers (2007:7-10)[3] has laid out six center rules that ‘define’ the job of the mentor in the cutting edge time. These are: The customer is clever (the coach’s sole point is to work with the customer to accomplish the entirety of their potential †as characterized by the customer). The coach’s job is to spring free the client’s genius. Training tending to the entire individual: past, present and future. The customer sets the motivation. The mentor and the customer are rises to. Training is about change and activity. The shared factor laid out by Rogers is that training is constantly activated by change †be it an adjustment in age, in situation, in style or method. Besides, on the grounds that change is the money where the mentor works together, there will undoubtedly be fiercely fluctuating styles of training that fit uncontrollably unique social and social settings and it is towards these various styles and settings that consideration should now be turned. The adequacy of various styles of instructing in various settings It has been demonstrated that the advancement of youngsters significantly influences the usage of training strategies relating to the shaky harmony between instructing the individual and the gathering dynamic. This is fundamentally subject to the sort of game being instructed: group activities, for example, football require a commitment to the group ethic while sports, for example, tennis and golf pressure the individual component of rivalry. Sports, for example, cricket consolidate the group ethic with a substantial accentuation upon singular capacity, surely concerning batting, which is an extremely lone aptitude that requires escalated levels of fixation and independence (Palmer, 1999)[4]. Along these lines, in the primary occasion, successful instructing requires the specialist to tailor their training style to the game being referred to and afterward to additionally tailor these instructing strategies to the age gathering of the group or individual being trained. This characteristic assorted variety in instructing styles is additionally valid for the financial setting of training grown-ups. Certain games require more noteworthy degrees of financial cooperation than others. Golf, for instance, is a costly game that requests that the member is all around financed in order to buy the vital gear, for example, clubs, packs, dress and, in particular, enrollment to a golf club. The equivalent can be said of tennis and cricket where the gear is an imperative piece of a definitive achievement or disappointment of the method of the customer being referred to. Financial setting is likewise significant concerning the mental component of instructing with the social, social and political issues of urban destitution having a significant influence in the sorts of training procedures which are probably going to yield the best outcomes from some random segment. There can be no uncertainty that an instructing style utilized for a gathering of working class spec ialists with free access to capital, time and assets will be extraordinarily unique in relation to the sort of training style conveyed for youngsters and grown-ups who don't approach similar extravagances and who in this way will react to various instructing procedures. Financial setting, segment setting and age setting are additionally aggravated by the undeniably normal issue of multiculturalism and, explicitly, globalization, which has clear ramifications for instructors, guides and mentors working at all degrees of society all through the UK. At the point when one thinks, for example, of the effect of language after instructing (handing-off strategies, calling attention to territories of solidarity and shortcoming, and, most fundamentally, endeavoring to ingrain a group ethic) one can see the degree to which the job of the mentor is unyieldingly interwoven with the destiny of mass development of people groups over the planet in the twenty first century. As Jones (1997:27) proclaims, â€Å"there is not any more significant errand inside the more extensive instructing process than that of communication.†[5] Bains and Patel (1994) have since quite a while ago called attention to the glaring underâ€'representation of Asians playing profici ent football in England regardless of certain zones in the Midlands and the North-West of England having urban zones with a higher than half proportion of ethnic networks. â€Å"Recent Sport England national measurements affirmed that individuals of South Asian starting point have uniquely lower support rates than different minorities or the indigenous population.† (Collins, 2003:75)[6] This abnormality with respect to the high quantities of Asians living in present day Britain and the lopsidedly modest number of Asians playing football, it has been contended, is because of mentors enjoying old fashioned generalizing with regards to training players from the Asian people group. Asians are still observed as basically scholastic achievers over games players and where they are seen as sports players they are still pigeonâ€'holed in normal Asian pictures of cricket players; seldom are they at any point seen as potential expert footballers. In like manner dark players are still observed as basically fast, incredible players; infrequently, the strategic minds or the otherworldly heartbeat of the side. This social component to sports instructing is exacerbated by the authentic sexual orientation partition among guys and females in a brandishing setting. Here, similarly likewise with ethnic individuals, generalizations remain the predominant training worldview. Young ladies and ladies are relied upon to play generally female games, for example, netball, hockey, lacrosse, swimming and tennis. This, be that as it may, is contrary to the developing quantities of ladies playing customarily maleâ€'dominated sports, for example, rugby, cricket and football with the last specifically encountering an authentic blast in female enthusiasm since the start of the 1990s. â€Å"A age back, sport was a center, male centric establishment in a bigger, challenged sex request. Presently, with the sensational development of girls’ and women’s games support, sport no longer basically or unambiguously assumes this reactionary job in sex relations. Game is currently more inside contested.† (2002 presentation xxii)[7] It is, in the last examination, up to the games mentor to consider every one of these relieving components and settings with the goal that the specialist can mentor aptitudes and procedures that are applicable to the contemporary time instead of sustaining chronologically erroneous generalizations that do little to progress humanized society in both a donning and nonâ€'sporting setting. H

Special Attributes Essay Examples For Writing Your Own Special Attributes Essay

Special Attributes Essay Examples For Writing Your Own Special Attributes EssaySpecial Attributes Essay Examples are important in that they help students learn the key special attributes of their subject. Writing a Special Attributes Essay Sample is one of the more difficult writing styles that students must master to write a great essay.When you find your favorite writer, listen to what he or she says about having to write a Special Attributes Essay Sample. That's what's referred to as revision, and in writing, revision is the same as improvement. With good revision, you will continually be looking for areas of improvement, and areas of improvement are often times hidden in small but vital details that you may not have found yet.There's no matter how hard you try, you just can't always improve on the things you've already said. Sometimes you'll want to add something, sometimes you'll want to remove something, and that's when it's time to revise.So how do you go about doing this? How do you develop your own Special Attributes Essay Sample? One way is to find a writer you admire, read what they have to say about writing a Special Attributes Essay Sample, and take that information and use it in the development of your own Special Attributes Essay Sample.Your first thing to do is to check out any books you may have, or read online, which may be related to writing an essay, and then use those words in your own writing. Even if it's about the same topic, just adding your own voice to the writer will make it different. If you find the same things repeated over again, then use them as part of your own special attributes, for instance, if you like the way writer A talks about the setting, you may want to add a section in your own essay where you describe your own style of speech in a similar setting.Once you have these Special Attributes Essay Sample, you need to apply those qualities to your essay. Some of the places to find these Essay Examples are online from profes sors who have written a bunch of special essays in the past. Other places you can find them are writing websites, or bookstores.So what are you waiting for? Now that you have all the materials you need to write a great essay, make sure you begin writing right away! You don't want to wait until you're getting ready for school, or in some other serious situation to begin writing.

Notes The Revolutionary And Controversial Aspect Of The...

TRAVESIA To write to be a writer, I have to trust and believe in myself as a speaker, as a voice for the images. I have to believe that can communicate with images and words that I can do it well. A lack of belief in my creative self is a lack of belief in my total self and vice versa- I cannot separate my writing from any part of my life. It is all one (95). Thirty years ago (1987),Gloria Anzaldà ºa published Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza . The editor notes the revolutionary and controversial aspect of the book, first because of its context and second because of the historical moment in the USA: the socio-political environment that Hispanic, queers and people of color had to endure. Though in 2017 many organizations thrive†¦show more content†¦Further, for Church one is possessed by demons. Thus by being Mexican and lesbian, she violates her tradition of a typical woman. In an anecdote in page 41, talks about the woman [lesbian] who has magical power and was believed to be half-half: man and woman. Indeed, one common belief in the Hispanic culture is that gay men are hyper creative. Another example of this duality in people from Latin America living in the United States is the constant proof of proficiency. For instance, one goes to the primary care, the first question when they notice you have a Hispanic last name and speak with an accent, do you understand English? Other times, they would speak slowly as if the patient was two year-old. e.g., h- o-w ol-d are you? If one is lucky, he/she will have a bilingual physician who pretends that his/her Spanish has faded away. Another place where this test is taken is in Manhattan Corporate buildings (e.g., one enters the building and says, I would like to go to the XY Company. The door man or clerk at the security desk would say ok, give me your ID, right at the moment security person sees your last name, you are a dummy to them. Again, the security person would guide you in slow motion pointing out every single step to the elevator, the instructs you to press the 8th floor written in the address slip you handed to the m. Plus, the

Thesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper - 21993 Words

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Adolescent pregnancy has long been a worldwide social and educational concern for the developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Many countries continue to experience high incidence of teenage pregnancy despite the intervention strategies that have been put in place. In 1990 approximately 530,000 teenagers in the United States became pregnant, 51% of whom gave birth (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Available literature suggests that fertility rates in developing countries have declined in the past two decades (Dickson, 2002; Caldwell Caldwell, 2002). It is argued that due to changing socio-political circumstances, women have reassessed the timing of childbirth and the role of†¦show more content†¦Prevailing societal norms and values as determined by social, economic, cultural, psychological and developmental factors have influence on the behaviour of its youth. There is increasing evidence that adolescents are influenced by their environment, therefore reproductive behaviour might be influenced by community characteristics (National Population Unit, 2000). Much research has been done on factors that predispose girls to falling pregnant in their adolescent years (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn Morgan, 1987; Dryfoos, 1990). Researchers have found a number of personal, family and social factors, which are often -5- associated with teenage pregnancy (Dryfoos, 1990). The high incidence of teenage pregnancy has become a major societal and educational concern, as it seems to perpetuate poverty and low levels of education (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn, Morgan, 1987). Consequently, the majority of researchers have focused on socio-economic predictors and consequences of teenage pregnancy. Although knowledge on social factors has expanded in the past decade, research on the psychological effects of teenage pregnancy has been largely ignored. The current study seeks to explore the impact of pregnancy during adolescence, on the psychological processes. There is still a need to understand factors within an individual, which put an adolescent at greater risk of falling pregnant and how developmentShow MoreRelatedFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 Pagesacademic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sampl e papers and free example papers on any topic. 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Organizational Structure And Culture - Comparison And Contrast

Question: Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture. Understand different approaches to management and leadership. Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations. Answer: Introduction The organization structure depends on the viewpoint of the head of the organization and its employees manifest the culture of the organization. The owner of the business maintains the different approach to management and leadership as it is something that cannot be changed with the passing time (Saenz et al. 2015). The ways of using motivational theories in an organization should be implemented as it fosters the growth of the company. The mechanism for developing effective teamwork in the organization helps the employees to work efficiently. This particular study firmly focuses on analyzing the relationship between various organization structure and culture in terms of starting new organization in business industry. This study also executes different approaches of management and leadership style as well as strategies. Moreover, this study also describes the motivational theories that help in motivating employees and developing teamwork within the organizational workplace. Understanding the Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture Comparison and Contrast of Different Organizational Cultures and Structures Comparison and Contrast of Different Organizational Structures In terms of developing new organization several organizational structure must be considered such as Technology: Harper (2015) opined that technology is the combination of knowledge resources and techniques that helps in creating products or services of the firm. The key elements included in the structure are departmentalization (on what points the grouping of jobs will be done), work specialization (activities subdivided into separate jobs), decentralization and centralization (source of making decision authority), formalization (it is the degree of making regulations and rules to assist employees and managers). Strategy: This allows the organization in positioning a competitive environment and shaping the design of the firm. Moreover, it also helps in developing the organizational uniqueness regarding selling. Environment: In terms of running successful business, need to receive inputs from the environment in the place of business operation and sell their outputs within the environment. Scale: majority of the larger organizations earn benefits through building economies of scale by involving greater complexity that sophisticated organizational designs. Apart from that, there are several merits of organizational structures that is showing in the table Functional Structure Product Structure Geographic Structure Vertical Specialization Deliver clear services with the aligned skills and training of individuals Easily explain to customers, employees, suppliers, through problem that are recognized Lead for the growth of sectional interests with the hierarchy and reinforcement People are grouped based on expertise for the large numbers of products or services Support expansion of skills and rapid diversion Incentive and reward structure based on successful achievements of individual product lines Helps in effective decision making for large amount of supply chain methods Provide decentralized approach Help in maintaining personal relationship Provide clear outline of separation of authority and activities Outline the hierarchical ranking Comparison and Contrast of Different Organizational Culture The British management writer, (Charles Handy), classified organizational culture by the power of individuals roles and functions within an organization. The identification is of four types of corporate culture Zeus, Apollo, Athens and Dionysius and named them after the ancient Greek gods (Russo et al. 2013). In terms of developing new business, eight cultural characteristic have to maintain Simplicity according to the possibility Core Competency Bias for action Entrepreneurship and Autonomy Displaying Corporate Value (Publishing Annual Report) Loose tight properties People Productivity (Providing Rewards) Staying close to customer Apart from that, there are several core corporate cultural models in the business industry such as Figure 1: Models of Organizational Culture (Source: French and Rayner 2008, pp- 209) Relationship between culture and an organization structure The link through an organization's culture and structure can impact the appraisal of the business in many ways. The structures, as well as culture, are reciprocal of each other and functions parallel (Cummings and Worley 2014). The culture cannot be imposed people will have to follow it or build it with their will on anyone. Figure 2: Relationship between Organizational Structure and Culture (Source: Pless, Maak and Waldman 2012, pp- 63) The boundary between one organization and other is defines by different culture, improves the stability of the organization and conveys a sense of knowingness for its members. Due to all the bounds and limitations, which affect the employee or an individual the performance of the business somehow, deflects in some form or other. Hence, for a successful business, emphasis should be kept in the culture of the organization and regular checks should be done to maintain the code of conduct of every employee. Description of Factors that influence individual behaviors at work The reasons, which influence behavior of individuals at work, are organization structure, organization culture, personality, perception, dedication, incentives and working conditions (Robbins et al. 2013). If all these factors are followed appropriately by every individual in the organization, then the business will benefit and will gain profits whereas will keep every individual happy with the working conditions. The employees, as well as the chief of the organization, maintain the organization culture. Factors Details Attention Way of learning information helps in reducing demand of attention Memory Things and method impose information access Logical Reasoning Decision making severe implications Perception Neglecting misunderstand will help in influencing people at workplace Table 1: Factors that influence individuals at work (Source: Cummings and Worley 2014, pp-512) The perception should be made by every individual but for the betterment of the organization and in productive manner and grapevine should not be encouraged (Cichocki and Irwin 2014). The incentive is a way to make employees work with efficiency and for extra hours to complete the task. The working condition of any organization depends on its structure and the size of the business. Understanding different approaches to management and leadership Comparison of the Effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations The leadership skill is a valid attribute in the management of organizations. There is no one leadership style, which can be implemented in every situation. The leadership style has to be applied according to the positions in business (Swaen et al. 2013). The styles of leadership differ and there are few styles of leadership like Country Club leadership in which production is low, but people are high, produce or perish leadership in it the production is high and people is low, impoverished leadership in which both production and people are low. Autocratic Style: This type of leaders makes the decision without taking any reference from others. The effectiveness of country club leadership is that it will always keep the employees happy as production is low in it and there is not too much work. In addition, this type of leaders also creates alienation and de-motivation. However, Bardhan, Krishnan and Lin (2013) opined that autocratic leadership style is more valuable where decision need to be made quickly and decisively. Democratic Leadership Style: The impoverished leadership is one in which production is low so there is not too much work to do that is why people is also low. In the middle-of-the-road leadership the production is medium hence the people are also medium. Lastly, the team leadership is one in which production is high as well as people is also high. Autocratic Style Democratic Style Delegative Style (Laissez-Faire) Make decision without reference Valuable in quick decision making Alienation and de-motivate to staff Encourage decision making Emphasized the organization Delay in decision making Make creative ideas Make coordination Realise effective team work Table 2: Comparison of Different Leadership styles (Source: Lazaroiu 2015) Delegative Leadership style (Laissez-Faire): The key quote of this style is the Let it be. These types of leaders are responsible for all shared information to all. Where creative ideas are required, this type of leads are played crucial role. In the produce or perish leadership the production is high so it will not keep the people much happy because of the workload. Explanation of Organizational Theory that underpins Practice of management Scientific Management: According to Taylor (2004), managers within the organization need to be trained. Therefore, this theory will help the organization in providing appropriate training to their higher-level management staffs. The theory, which is associated with organization, is necessary to practice as it fosters the behavior and nature of an organization, which helps in the practice of management. If an organization maintains its principles for behavior and nature, then the employees have a good etiquette. Classical Management Theories: The management function includes roles like planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling (Haslam et al. 2014). If correct organization theories are practiced, then the management can be practiced properly. Webers Theory of Bureaucracy: The nature of the organization has to be understood to practice the management properly by the Directorate. The objective of the organization is to make the management understand the nature and behavior of the organization. The management should be taught or given classes for practicing organizational behavior. Faylors Principe of Management: The proper practice of management can only be conducted if the organizational behavior, nature of the organization can be well understood by the Directorate. If you are interested in changing your leadership style and organizational theory, then a meeting should be conducted for us to discuss further. Therefore, the major principles are Unity of Command Organizational Hierarchy Division of Labor Esprit de corps Discipline Evaluation of Different approaches of management by different organizations Bureaucratic Approach: The bureaucratic approach is followed by most of the organizations as it is not bound to use any particular approach rather it functions based on the environment of the organization and hence it is used the most (Pless et al. 2012). Scientific Approach: The scientific management is of not much use as it is quite complex and most organizations does not favor it. Time Study Separation Planning Scientific recruitment Training Analysis of Job Financial Initiatives Standardization Table 3: Different approaches of management Source: (Taylor, 2014) Administrative Approach: There are some principles in administrative approach such as discipline at work, remuneration, equity, initiatives, scalar chain, unity of direction. Ways of using motivational theories in organization and its understandings Discussion of the impact of different leadership style on motivational in organization Autocratic Leadership: The effects of motivation that different leadership styles have cannot be measured because it is not seen rather it is felt. The motivation a person can get depends on the situations and circumstances as it is something which needs to be stimulated, impelled, moved and induced by an individual (Pinder 2014). The motivation depends on what motivates a person, and it differentiates from one person to another. Democratic Leadership: The motivation is defined as a reason to put forth your best forward. The motivation depends on a person's needs, and it ceases with the fulfillment of need and motivates behavior. The needs of individuals are different from persons to persons and are motivated by different things. Laissez-Faire Leadership: The leadership styles are different and motivate person differently. The motivation is vital for productivity, increased performance, and achievements (Strom et al. 2014). The motivation has different effects on each, as not all persons get motivate by same needs. The motives of making work done in exchange for reward works for a short term as it is not fixed. In the long run, to sustain human motivation, there are many intangible factors which not necessarily depend on rewards. Comparison of different motivational theories within the workplace The various theories of motivation, which can be discriminated, based on its invention can be implemented in workplace. The types of motivational theories are Abraham Maslow The Hierarchy of Needs theory, Douglas McGregor Theory X / Theory Y and Herzberg Motivator-Hygiene Theory, Vroom and Expectancy theories, Maccoby, McCrae, and Costa personality dimensions, etc. (Miner 2015).These are the three motivational theories which are practiced the most by most of the organizations. Douglas McGregor Theory X / Theory Y: It is made on the basics that intrinsic motivation is better than extrinsic motivation. It means to get great results people should be interested in doing work. The theory x / theory y states if it is considered that in theory x it is assumed that most of the worker is lazy, will do very little work possible and dislikes work. The theory y states that assumption should be made if average worker is not lazy, the job itself will decide if the worker likes the job and wants to do a good job (Munro et al. 2014). The Herzberg employee motivator-hygiene theory: It sates the relationship between hygiene needs, job satisfaction and motivator needs. It implies that when the motivator needs are done then workers will be satisfied; when hygiene needs are done workers will not be dissatisfied. Motivator Factors Hygiene Factors Work itself Responsibility Promotion Achievement Benefits and pay Company policy and administration Relationship with co-workers Job security Abraham Maslow The Hierarchy of Needs theory: Options Details Self Actualization This theory allows the leaders in organizational aspect to motivate their employees by providing opportunities of judgment. Esteem Providing rewards for achievement, decrease the dominance, build self respect, etc Social Build eco-friendly environment within the workplace. Create group of individuals Safety Provide self protection from elements such as health act. Physiological Employee feel free during the working hour Usefulness of a motivational theory for managers and its evaluation The theory is useful for managers as it improves performance appraisal of employees. In the realm of management, motivation is an important function as it is vital for productivity, achievement and increased performance (Barrick et al. 2013). The needs of motivation differ from one individual to another (Lazaroiu 2015). Process of motivation Figure 3: Process of motivation (Source: Ben-Ner 2013, pp- 91) Treat staff well: The staff deserves a proper treatment. Think like a winner: The winner qualities should be implemented in business. Recognize the differences: The difference between motivations should be understood. Set realistic goals: The goals set should be real and should be achieved. Mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations and its understandings Nature of groups and groups behavior within organizations The term group is used for types of people who think themselves to be a group. There are certain distinctive attributes in groups, which is not present in a crowd (Salas et al. 2015). The nature of groups can be identified if it has a certain sense of identity, loyalty towards the group, purpose of the group and leadership of the group. Nature of groups: There are different types of group formation in an organization to achieve its specific results. There are three types of views in a group the normative view which shows how to organize a group and carry out activities, the second is group dynamics which has a set of roles like brainstorming, role play and the third is group dynamics from the viewpoint of internal organization members (Russo et al. 2013). Dynamics of group formation: The formation of group depends on the type of groups. The official group is constructed to cater specific goals. The management builds it for a particular purpose, and they are task oriented. Formal group: In the formal group, the management creates a group based on the work type and for particular goal (Turner 2014). It is constructed for the appropriate coordination of work. Individuals depending on their likings and shared interests create the informal group. Informal group: The informal groups include colleagues who eat lunch together, people in a network who get together to exchange information and does not allow others to join them. The purpose of an informal group is not concerned with any task rather; it is dependent on an individual and personal satisfaction. The five stage model: It shows the forming of group according to the model. Forming: It is the initial stage of group development. Storming: In this disagreement among membership may arise. Norming: In it the members develop close relationship. Performing: It is the stage where members perform. Adjourning: It is the last stage for temporary groups. Reasons that promote effective teamwork development The factors that promote effective teamwork are that the organizations provide team based structures to enhance the productivity (West 2012). The effective team work characteristics are: Tailored to the organization: Every organization needs a tailored approach to customized the culture and align it with the strategies in business as it is different. Flexible: The off the shelf approach can be utilized in a variety of models and approaches and integrate it with the existing development and training efforts. Practical and relevant: To work with the team members it is important to keep everything simple so that it can be implemented immediately in real life situation. Competency-based: To distinguish between the high competency and average the training of the team members and leaders should be conducted and if necessary a competency model for team can be developed . Customer focused: It is important to take customer feedback and implement it as far as possible; the feedback should be both internal and external (French and Rayner 2013). Transfer of technology: The dependence on any consultancy is not good so the companies which have done most of the works themselves have shown more profit. Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning The technological effect is huge in team functioning as it manifests the promotion of technology through team functioning. Over the last few decades new technology has been injected in the workplace at an increasing rate (Bardhan 2013). The focus will be on information technology, its implementations, its pitfalls and future. Information technology New developments in IT has led to a mobile work place. Due to the advancement of technology an individual can take his office anywhere he wants on the go as cellular phones allow to reach anywhere. New technology has opened the door for employees who want to move away from traditional working. Implementations: The implementation of technology is in every company as it is gaining popularity as new technologies has given business access (Lazaroiu 2015). As technology has become an important part in every ones life new technologies has been in the rise and this has prospered the implementation of information technology. Pitfalls It is the considerations for the areas of concern in technology implementation. The prime concern is about security as the use of technology and its advancement brings securities threats (Cummings and Worley 2014). The security of physical devices is a concern and the access to unauthorized data access is also an issue in many organizations. Conclusion From analyzing all the facts, it can be concluded that understanding the relationship between organizational structure and culture is necessary as it manifests an organization. The Understanding of different approaches to management and leadership should be made so that an organization keeps command of its employees. The understanding of ways of using motivational theories in organization evaluates the overall performance of every individual. The understanding of mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations helps in the better performance of the organization. All these factors are included in the success rate of any organization, as these constitute the building blocks of success. References Bardhan, I., Krishnan, V.V. and Lin, S., 2013. Team dispersion, information technology, and project performance.Production and Operations Management,22(6), pp.1478-1493. Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. 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